The 17th edition discourages the use of 'Ibid.' in favour of shortened notes.- The process works both ways convert an endnote by right-clicking the endnote text and clicking Convert to Footnote. Previous editions of The Chicago Manual of Style allowed for the use of 'Ibid.' when a note referred to a source directly above. Gene Allen, Making National News: A History of Canadian Press (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012), 30. A shortened title uses one or two keywords from the original title.Ģ. If your title is 5 or more words long, use a shortened title. A shortened citation is just the authors last name, a shortened title, and the page number. If you’ve cited a source once and need to cite it again, you can use a shortened citation in your footnote/endnote. Each entry is single spaced, with double-spacing between entries (Some instructors may prefer double-spacing throughout). It is arranged alphabetically by authors' last name. The bibliography is the full list of works used to write the paper it may include works that you consulted but did not cite. John's, NL: Long Beach Press, 2005), 218.īibliography: Usually, a bibliography is also included at the end of the paper. Patrick O'Flaherty, Lost Country: The Rise and Fall of Newfoundland, 1843-1933 (St. Each note should be single spaced, with one line between notes.ġ. Endnotes are placed at the end of your paper with the heading 'NOTES'. Footnotes are placed at the 'foot', or bottom, of the same page where the information is quoted or referred to are separated from the text of the paper by a short line and let the reader refer to your citation without having to flip to the back of the paper.

It is the location of the note in your paper that determines whether it is an footnote or an endnote. The format and content of footnotes and endnotes are the same. Notes: The footnote or endnote identifies the source of the quotation or information. In notes-bibliography style, when information is quoted or referred to in a paper, you insert a superscript number that directs the reader to a note that contains the citation information (see: inserting footnotes and endnotes using MS Word).Īccording to O'Flaherty, 'the spread of electric lights through rural Newfoundland was destined to be slow and uneven.' 1

Endnote vs footnote chicago style